1. Hp 41cx User S Manual Volume 2
2. Hp41 User Manual

HP-41CX with magnetic card reader and thermal printer Type Introduced 1979 Discontinued 1990 Calculator Entry mode Display type Programming Programming language(s) key stroke (fully merged, ) Memory register 63. 319 Program steps 441. 2233 Interfaces Ports four vendor specific Connects to via:. via:. PC via one of:.

and Other Power supply four or HP 82120A rechargeable battery pack The HP-41C series are programmable, expandable, handheld made by from 1979 to 1990. The original model, HP-41C, was the first of its kind to offer display capabilities. Later came the HP-41CV and HP-41CX, offering more memory and functionality. Contents. The alphanumeric 'revolution' The screen of the HP-41C revolutionized the way a pocket calculator could be used, providing user friendliness (for its time) and expandability (keyboard-unassigned functions could be spelled out alphabetically).

By using an alphanumeric display, the calculator could tell the user what was going on: it could display meaningful error messages (' ZERO DIVIDE') instead of simply a blinking zero; it could also specifically prompt the user for arguments (' ENTER RADIUS') instead of just displaying a question mark. Earlier calculators needed a key, or key combination, for every available function. The HP-67 had three shift keys; the competing calculators had two ( 2nd and INV) and close to 50 keys (the had 45). Hewlett-Packard were constrained by their one byte only instruction format. The more flexible storage format for programs in the allowed combining more keys into one instruction.

The longest instruction required eleven keypresses, re-using the shift keys four times. The also made use of the Op key, followed by two digits, to access another 40 different functions.

But the user had to remember the codes for them. Clearly, a more convenient and flexible method of executing the calculator's instructions was urgently needed. The HP-41C had a relatively small keyboard, and only one shift key, but provided hundreds of functions.

Every function that was not assigned to a key could be invoked through the XEQ key (pronounced E XEQTE — 'execute') and spelled out in full, e.g. XEQ FACT for the function. The calculator had a special user mode where the user could assign any function to any key if the default assignments provided by HP were not suited to a specific application. For this mode, the HP-41C came with blank keyboard templates; i.e. Plastic covers with holes for the keys, so the user could annotate customized keys. Hewlett-Packard even sold a version of the calculator where hardly any keys had function names printed on them, meant for users who would be using the HP-41C for custom calculations only (thus not needing the standard key layout at all); this version of the calculator was colloquially known, within HP's Corvallis calculator team, as a 'Blanknut' (because the development code name for the HP-41C's processor was known as the 'coconut').

Alphanumeric display also greatly eased editing programs, as functions were spelled out in full. Numeric-only calculators displayed programming steps as a list of numbers, each number generally mapped to a key on the keyboard, often via row and column coordinates. Encoding functions to the corresponding numeric codes, and vice versa, was left to the user, having to look up the function–code combinations in a reference guide. The busy programmer quickly learned most of the codes, but having to learn the codes intimidated the beginners.

In addition to this, the user had to mentally keep function codes separate from numeric constants in the program listing. The HP-41C displayed each character in a block consisting of 14 segments that could be turned on or off; a so-called (similar to the much more common, which can be used to display digits only). The HP-41C used a liquid-crystal display instead of the ubiquitous displays of the era, to reduce power consumption. While this allowed the display of uppercase letters, digits, and a few punctuation characters, some designs needed to be twisted arbitrarily (e.g. To distinguish S from 5) and lowercase letters were unreadable (HP only provided display of lowercase letters a through e). HP's competitor, when introducing the, used a of 5×7 dots and displayed the characters in principle as we see them today on computer screens (and, in fact, many LCD screens on various ); this was later used by HP with the handheld computer.

Hp 41cx User S Manual Volume 2

The HP-41CV and CX Many users had used all four ports for memory expansion, leaving no room for other modules. HP designed the Quad Memory Module with four times the amount of memory, providing the maximum available memory and leaving three empty ports available. The HP-41CV (V being the for 5) included this memory module on the main board, thus providing five times the memory of the HP-41C, and four available slots. The internal architecture prohibited the addition of more memory, so HP designed an extended memory module that could be seen as secondary storage. You could not access the data directly, but you could transfer it to and from main memory. To the calculator (and the user), data located in the extended memory looked like files on a modern hard disk do for a PC (user).

The final HP-41 model, the HP-41CX, included extended memory, a built-in time module, and extended functions. It was introduced in 1983 and discontinued in 1990. Programming. HP magnetic card The HP-41C is, meaning that it can remember and later execute sequences of keystrokes to solve particular problems of interest to the user.

These keystroke programs, in addition to performing any operation normally available on the keyboard, can also make use of conditional and unconditional branching and looping instructions, allowing programs to perform repetitive operations and make decisions. The HP-41C still supports indirect addressing with which it is possible to implement a and therefore the programming model of the HP-41C can be considered. Programming example Here is a sample program that computes the factorial of an integer number between 1 and 69 (70! Needing an exponent greater than 99, the calculator's maximum), that integer being passed as a parameter via the X register. The program takes up 2 registers which is ≈14 bytes. NASA HP-41CV with velcro to hold it in carrying case, 1983. A HP-41C that flew on nine early missions is on display in the in Washington, D.C.

HP-41Cs with some special hardware configurations (the addition of strips, pre-production time module, and louder beeper, as well as the removal of parts whose could cause contamination) were carried on early Shuttle missions for the purpose of performing mundane but necessary calculations, such as calculating the change to the center of gravity due to fuel consumption. The HP-41C was also programmed to handle calculations usually performed by the main on-board computer, such as determining ignition times for re-entry, in the case of a main computer failure. Expandability The functions of the calculator could be expanded by adding modules at the top of the machine. Four slots were available to add more memory, pre-programmed solution packs containing programs covering engineering, surveying, physics, math, finance, games, etc. As such, an HP-41 could in fact be tailored to the personal needs of the user. Hardware extensions included a, a magnetic card reader (HP-67 compatible via converter software), and a barcode 'wand' (reader).

Extension modules could also add new instructions to the machine. The standard set of mathematical functions of the 41-series was somewhat limited when compared to the functionality of some contemporary HP calculators (notably the and the ). Among others, the standard function set offered no integration or root-finding capabilities and lacked support for matrices and complex numbers; these extra functions could be added by an extension module. Another module, known as the allowed for connection of more peripherals: larger printers, tape recorders, 3½-inch drives, communication interfaces, video display interfaces, etc. The Interface Loop could also be used with the, and computers.

HP 82170A QUAD memory module for HP-41C Memory modules added main memory to the calculator, allowing more programming steps and/or more data registers. The original HP-41C had a main memory of 63 registers of 7 each. Each register could hold either a number, a 6-character string, or up to 7 program steps in the language (program steps used a variable number of bytes). Each memory module added 64 registers, and the calculator could hold up to 4 of them, for a grand total of 319 registers. While this was considered huge for the time (a little more than 2,) all expansion slots were used.

User groups found a way to merge two memory chips in a single module, thus freeing two expansion slots. HP designed a module holding all four in one slot, the so-called Quad Memory Module. The later HP-41CV had the quad module built-in. Application pacs The -based application 'pac' modules added up to 4 kilobytes of read-only memory (some up to 8 kilobytes, but these were simply two independent 4K modules in the same box). Most modules held dozens of programs written in the HP-41C programming language,. Programs in the ROM modules could be called from a user program, using the ubiquitous XEQ function.

In the program code, XEQ appeared as ' XROM' when it was used to call a ROM program. 82104A card reader. HP 82104A - card reader/writer The card reader was a device able to read and write small rectangular plastic cards with two magnetic strips. The card reader could copy contents of memory onto magnetic cards, and later read back the data into memory.

As the HP-41C had permanent memory (user programs and data were not wiped out when power was off) there was no absolute need for a permanent storage device, so the card reader was optional. Each card held two strips of 112 bytes each, that could hold 16 data registers or up to 112 program steps.

This limited capacity resulted in typical programs requiring 5 or more magnetic cards to be saved. A full backup of the machine's 319 memory registers plus internal data required 11 magnetic cards (each card had to be inserted twice.) The card reader could read magnetic cards from the earlier model. HP-67 programs were translated in HP-41C instructions, as the HP-67 and HP-41 share the same programming model and operation stack.

Some instructions however were specific to the HP-67, and the card reader provided additional instructions to emulate the 67. Magnetic cards could be write-protected, and programs saved as private: once loaded back, the source code for the program could not be displayed. This made magnetic cards an obvious choice for program distribution. However, the electric motor put a heavy strain on the calculator batteries, and the price tag for blank cards put an even heavier strain on the user's wallet. 82182A time module The time module added a real-time clock. The clock allowed use of real-world time in programs. The user could set alarms that triggered calls to user programs.

The alarms were able to switch the calculator on, so it was possible to create programs that executed at some point during the day, then switch the calculator off until the next alarm. As the HP-41 was often used as a data-gathering device in labs, this allowed the calculator to read data from monitored devices at specific times every day, without having to remain fully powered up in between readings (thus saving battery capacity). The HP-41CX had the time module built in. 82143A thermal printer/plotter The printer used rolls of thermal paper to print lines of up to 24 characters. The thermal paper provided for a bluish printout, but was somewhat unstable, as the printout could vanish or the whole paper turn blue due to excessive heat. The printer had some graphical capabilities, to allow the user to design character shapes, or even turn on or off individual pixels. However, the buffer memory could not hold sufficient information to print a whole line in graphic mode, and could not alter line spacing, so it was impossible to print continuous graphics in horizontal mode.

The printer, nevertheless, provided some printing utilities that were able to graph a function vertically onto the narrow strip of printer paper. 82242A infrared printer interface Instead of using the aforementioned printer, this module could be used to interface a thermal printer with an infrared interface, namely the and the.

This allows for on-the-go printing without using cables - but the printer itself needs batteries, too. 82153A optical wand. X Functions module 82180A for HP-41C/CV The Extended Functions module added many functionalities the users had wanted for ages, as the ability to programmatically assign functions to keys, repartition memory, etc.

But the most important new function was the management of extended memory: while the HP-41C could theoretically access up to 1024 registers, the early design limited main memory to 319 registers only. The Extended Functions module added instructions to manage a bank of additional memory in the available addressing space of the machine. As this memory was not directly addressable by user programs, it was seen as a set of named files containing either programs or data. Programs and data registers could be copied back and forth from the extended memory to the main memory, where they could be accessed as usual. Extended memory could also hold files, and a rudimentary was added also.

The Extended Functions module contained 124 registers of Extended memory. More could be added. Extended Memory modules. The HP-41CX contained the Extended Functions module as standard. 82181A extended memory module. X Memory module HP82181A for HP-41CX Extended memory modules added more extended memory to the HP-41C. They required an extended functions module to be present, or the HP-41CX version of the calculator.

Hp41 User Manual

Each module added 238 registers of extended memory. Up to two extended memory modules could be inserted, for a grand total of 124 + 2.238 = 600 registers.

Added to the 319 registers of main memory, this covered practically all of the machine's 1024 addressable registers, for a total of 919 registers, or 6433 bytes. HP82160A HP interface loop (HP-IL) module See the main article on. Clones The continued popularity of the HP-41CX among users prompted to produce a miniature calculator approximating the size of a credit card (88 mm × 59 mm × 7 mm) in 2015. Named DM41, it runs the original HP-41CX firmware with extended memory and realtime clock in an emulator on a -based processor. Deviating from the original, it comes in a landscape form factor (as known from Hewlett-Packard's ) with rearranged keys, it features a dot-matrix display, switchable clock speeds, and, based on a CP2102 converter chip, it comes with a ( ) serial interface to exchange data with a PC etc. For backup purposes, to possibly communicate with applications (like PC-based emulators ), or to update the firmware. Vw fox 2017 workshop manual free download. In December 2015, SwissMicros introduced the DM41L, a version of the calculator about the same size as the calculators of the.

It still comes with a USB Mini-B connector. Images. Developer view of the 14 segment LCD Code of the HP41CX Calculator emulation. – A website (and domain) dedicated to the HP-41. HP-41CX Emulator for the iPhone and iPod touch. A HP41CV simulator for the Android platform., and on (database about 1970s and 1980s pocket calculators). with photos, documents for download, printer, card reader.

Simulator HP41CX in a nearly natural look. Based on nsim-0.61 NUT Core by Eric Smith. A website (and domain) with some interesting enhancements for the HP-41.

Climer wrote: You can get one HP-41CX owner's manual: Volume 2 on CD-ROM from the Museum of HP Calulators as well as the manuals from a lot of other HP devices (Calulators etc) for $35,00( 5 CD's) US. Harold, on which CD is the manual? You can get one disk for $15,00. But, I'm afraid that the manual that John Ensworth is looking for, is not yet included in the MoHPC CD set. Fortunately, John can download it from Warren Furlow's website Hope it helps (I'm sure this time!:-) Regards, Bye. Jordi Hidalgo HPCC member #1046 - John Ensworth 1/2/2002, 7:30 น.